Walnut
Walnut (Juglans sp.) is the most important temperate nut fruit of the country. It is grown in Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh. There are no regular orchards of walnuts in the country because the existing plantations are generally of seedling origin. The seedling trees attain giant size and start bearing nuts of variable sizes and shapes after 10–15 years, whereas vegetatively propagated plants are true-to-type and produce almost uniform-sized nuts after 4–5 years. They remain within manageable size. But the major constraint is low success in vegetative propagation. Limited availability of scion material from desired trees results in very few vegetatively propagated plants. Walnuts earn valuable foreign exchange.
Climate and soil
Walnut is sensitive to low temperature during spring and high temperature during summer. Walnut should be grown only under such climatic conditions which are free from frosts during spring and extreme heat during summer. Early frosts also injure young shoots causing them to fail to leaf out in the ensuing spring. At bloom, temperature of even 2°–3°C below freezing results in killing of a large number of young flowers. Hot summers with low humidity result in blank nuts. They grow well in areas with well-spread rain of about 75cm or more. Temperature of 29°–32°C near harvesting results in well-filled kernels. Areas where the trees do not receive adequate chilling cause them to leaf out and bloom late.
A well-drained silt loam soil having abundant organic matter is ideal. The soils should be free from rock, impervious clay, coarse and sandy soil with hard pan, layers of gravel and fluctuating watertable. Alkaline soils should also be avoided.
Varieties
Walnut varieties suitable for different states are:
Jammu and Kashmir Lake English, Drainovsky and Opex Caulchry
Himachal Pradesh Gobind, Eureka, Placentia, Wilson, Franquetfe and Kashmir Budded
Uttar Pradesh Chakrata Selections
Walnut (Juglans sp.) is the most important temperate nut fruit of the country. It is grown in Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh. There are no regular orchards of walnuts in the country because the existing plantations are generally of seedling origin. The seedling trees attain giant size and start bearing nuts of variable sizes and shapes after 10–15 years, whereas vegetatively propagated plants are true-to-type and produce almost uniform-sized nuts after 4–5 years. They remain within manageable size. But the major constraint is low success in vegetative propagation. Limited availability of scion material from desired trees results in very few vegetatively propagated plants. Walnuts earn valuable foreign exchange.
Climate and soil
Walnut is sensitive to low temperature during spring and high temperature during summer. Walnut should be grown only under such climatic conditions which are free from frosts during spring and extreme heat during summer. Early frosts also injure young shoots causing them to fail to leaf out in the ensuing spring. At bloom, temperature of even 2°–3°C below freezing results in killing of a large number of young flowers. Hot summers with low humidity result in blank nuts. They grow well in areas with well-spread rain of about 75cm or more. Temperature of 29°–32°C near harvesting results in well-filled kernels. Areas where the trees do not receive adequate chilling cause them to leaf out and bloom late.
A well-drained silt loam soil having abundant organic matter is ideal. The soils should be free from rock, impervious clay, coarse and sandy soil with hard pan, layers of gravel and fluctuating watertable. Alkaline soils should also be avoided.
Varieties
Walnut varieties suitable for different states are:
Jammu and Kashmir Lake English, Drainovsky and Opex Caulchry
Himachal Pradesh Gobind, Eureka, Placentia, Wilson, Franquetfe and Kashmir Budded
Uttar Pradesh Chakrata Selections
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