Bell pepper Varieties:
Arka basant: released from IIHR, Bangalore. It was improved from the variety
Soroksari, suitable for both kharif and rabi.
Arka gourav: pureline selection from golden caliwonder released from IIHR,
Bangalore. Fruits are 3 to 4 lobed. Good for kharif and rabi.
Arka mohini: selection from variety known as Taitan. Fruits are 3 to 4 lobed
becomes red on ripening. Suitable for both kharif and rabi season.
California wonder: an introduction from US. Fruits are 3 to 4 lobed.
Yolo wonder: plant is dwarf and as medium flesh thickness.
Pusa deepthi: released from Katrain. Suitable for both kharif and rabi.
Climate:
Chilli is grown in both tropical and sub-tropical areas. It can grow up to
2000 msl altitude. For vegetative growth it requires warm humid climate. For
fruit maturity it requires warm dry weather. It requires a well distributed annual
rainfall of about 800 – 1200 mm. Heavy rainfall leads to poor fruit set and high
humidity leads to fruit rot. The crops continue to develop at high temperature
but root development is retarded at a temperature of 300 C. Fruit development
is adversely retarded at 380 C. Average night temperature favours high
capsaicin content. Day length of 9 to 10 hours light stimulate plant growth. In
general capsicum is grown at low temperature conditions than chillies.
Soil:
Chilli can be grown on a wide variety of soils provided. They are well
drained, well aerated and rich in organic manure. In ill drained soils plants
shed their leaves and turn sick. Cannot tolerate water logging conditions.
Sandy loam soil with adequate irrigation and manuring can support better
crop of chilli.
Black soils also preferable to grow chillies as rainfed crop.Strongly acid
soils and alkaline soils are not suitable. Chilli can be grown in saline soils.
Seed germination and plant vigour affected by salinity.Ideal pH 6 to 7.
Time of sowing:
Chilli seeds are sown in nursery beds during May-july. Sowing is little
early in the north east India. In south states where rainfed cultivation is in
voge chillies can be in may-june and September to October. In hills it is sown
during march to april.
Seed rate:
S.No Hybrid Parentage
1 Pusa Jwala Pusa Red X N.P 46
A
2 Pusa sadabahar Pusa jwala X IC
31339
3 Punjab lal Perennial X long red
4 Kiran (x235) G4 X anther mutant
22
1 to 2 kg seed is required to raise seedlings for hectare. Chilli seed
bed are some times made in the dimensions of 3 x 3 m, it can accommodate
6000 seedlings and requires about 50 g of seed. However, generally nursery
of chilli is prepared by following method. Selcted area is ploughed to a fine
tilth. Nursery bed should be prepared to a size of 6 m length 1 m width with a
15 cm raised. Raised beds are preferred than flat beds because on flat beds
root development is poor and incidence of damping off is more.
Well decomposed FYM @ 20 to 25 kg per bed is mixed thoroughly in
seed beds in one month advance. Seeds are treated with fungicides like
Capton 2 to 3 g per litre used to prevent. Seed borne diseases. Seeds are
sown preferably 5 cm lines. Paddy straw used for mulching. Mulching is.
removed as soon as seeds start germination. Phytolon 0.25 g per litre solution
is used to drench the nursery beds at fortnightly intervals against damping off.
Transplanting:
Seedlings ready for transplanting 35 to 45 days. Short thick stem
seedlings are preferred for better establishment. In older seedling topping has
to be done one week prior to transplant. Early seedlings are transplanted
singly different spacing 30 x 30 cm 45 x 30 cm, 45 x 45 and even 30 x 20
were tried in chillies. Spacing varies with variety, rainfall, seasonal conditions
etc. Immediately after transplanting field should be irrigated.
Manuring:
It needs good fertile soils supplied humus. Excess nitrogen lead to
increase the vegetative growth and delays maturity. 10 to 15 tones of well
decomposed FYM need to be applied in the last ploughing. Besides that 75 kg
N, 75 kg P, 55 kg K per ha is to be applied. Entire quantity of FYM,
Phosphorus, potassium and half of nitrogen is to be applied at the time of field
preparation. Remaining half nitrogen is to be given as top dressing in two
equal splits at one month interval of transplanting.
Irrigation:
first irrigation is given just after transplanting for better establishment in
the soil. Second irrigation is given 10 days after transplanting. During this time
gap filling can be taken up. After wards irrigation is given as per the
requirement. Generally 8 to 9 irrigations have given depending on rainfall, soil
type, humidity and temperature.
Method of irrigation adopted is ridges and furrows.
Interculture:
Chilli is a slow growing crop cannot compete with aggressive weeds
hand weeding or hoeing or application of herbicides need to be done in order
to ensure weed free conditions. Frequent shallow conditions are under taken
to facilitate soil aeration and proper root development. However deep
cultivation should be avoided because, it damages roots. Herbicides like
Alachlor 2.5 kg per ha can be used on chillies.
Harvesting:
Flowering begins 40 to 60 days after transplanting depending
variety climate, nutritional status of plant. Roots starts ripening about 3
months after transplanting and picking may go on for 2 to 3 months.
Commercial chilli variety yield 10 – 15 Q per ha. dry pods in rainfed conditions
and 15 to 20 Q per ha in irrigated conditions. Hybrids can give up to 400 to
500 Q per ha. Green chillies can be stored for about 40 days at 00 C and 95 to
98 % RH. Dried chillies can be kept for a month in dry places well protected
from insect pests..
Arka basant: released from IIHR, Bangalore. It was improved from the variety
Soroksari, suitable for both kharif and rabi.
Arka gourav: pureline selection from golden caliwonder released from IIHR,
Bangalore. Fruits are 3 to 4 lobed. Good for kharif and rabi.
Arka mohini: selection from variety known as Taitan. Fruits are 3 to 4 lobed
becomes red on ripening. Suitable for both kharif and rabi season.
California wonder: an introduction from US. Fruits are 3 to 4 lobed.
Yolo wonder: plant is dwarf and as medium flesh thickness.
Pusa deepthi: released from Katrain. Suitable for both kharif and rabi.
Climate:
Chilli is grown in both tropical and sub-tropical areas. It can grow up to
2000 msl altitude. For vegetative growth it requires warm humid climate. For
fruit maturity it requires warm dry weather. It requires a well distributed annual
rainfall of about 800 – 1200 mm. Heavy rainfall leads to poor fruit set and high
humidity leads to fruit rot. The crops continue to develop at high temperature
but root development is retarded at a temperature of 300 C. Fruit development
is adversely retarded at 380 C. Average night temperature favours high
capsaicin content. Day length of 9 to 10 hours light stimulate plant growth. In
general capsicum is grown at low temperature conditions than chillies.
Soil:
Chilli can be grown on a wide variety of soils provided. They are well
drained, well aerated and rich in organic manure. In ill drained soils plants
shed their leaves and turn sick. Cannot tolerate water logging conditions.
Sandy loam soil with adequate irrigation and manuring can support better
crop of chilli.
Black soils also preferable to grow chillies as rainfed crop.Strongly acid
soils and alkaline soils are not suitable. Chilli can be grown in saline soils.
Seed germination and plant vigour affected by salinity.Ideal pH 6 to 7.
Time of sowing:
Chilli seeds are sown in nursery beds during May-july. Sowing is little
early in the north east India. In south states where rainfed cultivation is in
voge chillies can be in may-june and September to October. In hills it is sown
during march to april.
Seed rate:
S.No Hybrid Parentage
1 Pusa Jwala Pusa Red X N.P 46
A
2 Pusa sadabahar Pusa jwala X IC
31339
3 Punjab lal Perennial X long red
4 Kiran (x235) G4 X anther mutant
22
1 to 2 kg seed is required to raise seedlings for hectare. Chilli seed
bed are some times made in the dimensions of 3 x 3 m, it can accommodate
6000 seedlings and requires about 50 g of seed. However, generally nursery
of chilli is prepared by following method. Selcted area is ploughed to a fine
tilth. Nursery bed should be prepared to a size of 6 m length 1 m width with a
15 cm raised. Raised beds are preferred than flat beds because on flat beds
root development is poor and incidence of damping off is more.
Well decomposed FYM @ 20 to 25 kg per bed is mixed thoroughly in
seed beds in one month advance. Seeds are treated with fungicides like
Capton 2 to 3 g per litre used to prevent. Seed borne diseases. Seeds are
sown preferably 5 cm lines. Paddy straw used for mulching. Mulching is.
removed as soon as seeds start germination. Phytolon 0.25 g per litre solution
is used to drench the nursery beds at fortnightly intervals against damping off.
Transplanting:
Seedlings ready for transplanting 35 to 45 days. Short thick stem
seedlings are preferred for better establishment. In older seedling topping has
to be done one week prior to transplant. Early seedlings are transplanted
singly different spacing 30 x 30 cm 45 x 30 cm, 45 x 45 and even 30 x 20
were tried in chillies. Spacing varies with variety, rainfall, seasonal conditions
etc. Immediately after transplanting field should be irrigated.
Manuring:
It needs good fertile soils supplied humus. Excess nitrogen lead to
increase the vegetative growth and delays maturity. 10 to 15 tones of well
decomposed FYM need to be applied in the last ploughing. Besides that 75 kg
N, 75 kg P, 55 kg K per ha is to be applied. Entire quantity of FYM,
Phosphorus, potassium and half of nitrogen is to be applied at the time of field
preparation. Remaining half nitrogen is to be given as top dressing in two
equal splits at one month interval of transplanting.
Irrigation:
first irrigation is given just after transplanting for better establishment in
the soil. Second irrigation is given 10 days after transplanting. During this time
gap filling can be taken up. After wards irrigation is given as per the
requirement. Generally 8 to 9 irrigations have given depending on rainfall, soil
type, humidity and temperature.
Method of irrigation adopted is ridges and furrows.
Interculture:
Chilli is a slow growing crop cannot compete with aggressive weeds
hand weeding or hoeing or application of herbicides need to be done in order
to ensure weed free conditions. Frequent shallow conditions are under taken
to facilitate soil aeration and proper root development. However deep
cultivation should be avoided because, it damages roots. Herbicides like
Alachlor 2.5 kg per ha can be used on chillies.
Harvesting:
Flowering begins 40 to 60 days after transplanting depending
variety climate, nutritional status of plant. Roots starts ripening about 3
months after transplanting and picking may go on for 2 to 3 months.
Commercial chilli variety yield 10 – 15 Q per ha. dry pods in rainfed conditions
and 15 to 20 Q per ha in irrigated conditions. Hybrids can give up to 400 to
500 Q per ha. Green chillies can be stored for about 40 days at 00 C and 95 to
98 % RH. Dried chillies can be kept for a month in dry places well protected
from insect pests..
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