Cucumber is a native of India C. sativus is originated in North India. C.
hardwicki occurs as wild species.
Importance:
It is rich in vitamin B and C. Cucumber is known by presence of bitter
principle called as cucurbitacins, which are chemically tetra cyclic
triterpenes.When a bitter pollen fertilizer non-bitter ovules the resulting fruit is
found to bitter. This phenomenon is called metaxenia.
Varieties and hybrids:
Japanese long green: released from IARI. It is an extra early maturing
variety. It matures with in 45 days after sowing.
KTCH – 8: poinsettia x LC – 3. it is an early maturing hybrid – released by
IARI regional station, katrain.
KTCH – 11: it is a gynoecious line, developed at IARI, matures in about 55
days.
Pusa samyog: it is a hybrid between Japanese gynoecious line x green
long naples released by IARI.
Straight – 8: released by IARI regional station, kutrain fruit is light green in
colour.
Poinsettia: originally developed in US multiplied by national research station,
new delhi. Resistant to angular leaf spot, downy mildew.
Gemini: IIHR released variety, prolific bearer, fruits are crispy and excellent
for salads
Climate:
it is a warm season crop. It cannot tolerate high cold and frost. The
condition of high humidity and short day length will promote female flower
production. Cucumber requires minimum temperature of 180 C for seed
germination 200 C growth and development.
Soil:
For an early and good crop, it requires sandy loam soils, heavy soils
will give high yield. The crop can be grown successfully grown in slightly
acidic soils pH 5.5 to 6.7. The soil should be with proper drainage facility.
Time of sowing:
Region: north Indian plains: February to march
Hills: April – May;
Botanical name: Cucumis sativus
Family : Cucurbitaceae
Chromosome no 2n = 24
Origin: India
29
South India: October to November.
Seeds and sowing:
Seed rate of 3 to 5 kg per ha.Sowing is done on raised beds or in
furrows or in pits. Two seeds per hill are generally sown in both sides of
bed.In case of pit systems pits of 45 x 45 x 60 cm are dug up filled with FYM,
cattle manure and soil in equal proportions 3 to 4 seeds per pit are sown.
Spacing adopted is 1.5 to 3 m from row to row 60 to 90 cm from plant to plant.
Manuring:
25 to 50 q per ha of FYM is to be mixed with soil or applied to the pit
besides that about 100 kg N, 50 kg each of P and K per ha need to be
applied. Half of Nitrogen, entire P and K is applied in the pits or at the time of
sowing. Remaining quantity of nitrogen is applied at 30 days after sowing.
Irrigation:
Cucumber cannot withstand water logging over irrigation should be
avoided in dry weather crop is irrigated in every 5th day. Flower initiation and
full bloom stage are critical. For irrigation fruit enlargement requires sufficient
water. Moisture stress, during flowering results in non-viable pollen grains
leading to reduced yield. Foliage becomes chlorotic or yellow. Growth is
retarded. If irrigation water over flowers and inundate plants for any length of
time. If irrigation water over flows and inundate plants for any length of time.
Inter culture:
Training and pruning:
Vines are trained on bamboo with the rope or wire for high production
and quality. Cucumber can be trained in bower system. The height of Bower
should be about 1.5 m and spacing is kept as 2 m x 1 m between row to row
and plant to plant respectively. Japanese long green and hybrids like Pusa
samyog are suitable for bower system.
Pruning of secondary shoots up to 10 nodes increase the fruit
production. Field should be kept weed free throughout cropping season. First
weeding may be given 15 to 20 days after sowing. Two more weedings are
given at 25 to 30 day interval.
Harvesting:
Crop becomes ready for harvesting in about 60 to 70 days after
sowing. Fruit takes 7 to10 days from setting to reach marketable size.
Cucumber is harvested when it is till tender and green. Over mature fruit will
fetches less price. Picking can be done at an interval of 2 days yield varies
from 80 to 120 Q/ha.
hardwicki occurs as wild species.
Importance:
It is rich in vitamin B and C. Cucumber is known by presence of bitter
principle called as cucurbitacins, which are chemically tetra cyclic
triterpenes.When a bitter pollen fertilizer non-bitter ovules the resulting fruit is
found to bitter. This phenomenon is called metaxenia.
Varieties and hybrids:
Japanese long green: released from IARI. It is an extra early maturing
variety. It matures with in 45 days after sowing.
KTCH – 8: poinsettia x LC – 3. it is an early maturing hybrid – released by
IARI regional station, katrain.
KTCH – 11: it is a gynoecious line, developed at IARI, matures in about 55
days.
Pusa samyog: it is a hybrid between Japanese gynoecious line x green
long naples released by IARI.
Straight – 8: released by IARI regional station, kutrain fruit is light green in
colour.
Poinsettia: originally developed in US multiplied by national research station,
new delhi. Resistant to angular leaf spot, downy mildew.
Gemini: IIHR released variety, prolific bearer, fruits are crispy and excellent
for salads
Climate:
it is a warm season crop. It cannot tolerate high cold and frost. The
condition of high humidity and short day length will promote female flower
production. Cucumber requires minimum temperature of 180 C for seed
germination 200 C growth and development.
Soil:
For an early and good crop, it requires sandy loam soils, heavy soils
will give high yield. The crop can be grown successfully grown in slightly
acidic soils pH 5.5 to 6.7. The soil should be with proper drainage facility.
Time of sowing:
Region: north Indian plains: February to march
Hills: April – May;
Botanical name: Cucumis sativus
Family : Cucurbitaceae
Chromosome no 2n = 24
Origin: India
29
South India: October to November.
Seeds and sowing:
Seed rate of 3 to 5 kg per ha.Sowing is done on raised beds or in
furrows or in pits. Two seeds per hill are generally sown in both sides of
bed.In case of pit systems pits of 45 x 45 x 60 cm are dug up filled with FYM,
cattle manure and soil in equal proportions 3 to 4 seeds per pit are sown.
Spacing adopted is 1.5 to 3 m from row to row 60 to 90 cm from plant to plant.
Manuring:
25 to 50 q per ha of FYM is to be mixed with soil or applied to the pit
besides that about 100 kg N, 50 kg each of P and K per ha need to be
applied. Half of Nitrogen, entire P and K is applied in the pits or at the time of
sowing. Remaining quantity of nitrogen is applied at 30 days after sowing.
Irrigation:
Cucumber cannot withstand water logging over irrigation should be
avoided in dry weather crop is irrigated in every 5th day. Flower initiation and
full bloom stage are critical. For irrigation fruit enlargement requires sufficient
water. Moisture stress, during flowering results in non-viable pollen grains
leading to reduced yield. Foliage becomes chlorotic or yellow. Growth is
retarded. If irrigation water over flowers and inundate plants for any length of
time. If irrigation water over flows and inundate plants for any length of time.
Inter culture:
Training and pruning:
Vines are trained on bamboo with the rope or wire for high production
and quality. Cucumber can be trained in bower system. The height of Bower
should be about 1.5 m and spacing is kept as 2 m x 1 m between row to row
and plant to plant respectively. Japanese long green and hybrids like Pusa
samyog are suitable for bower system.
Pruning of secondary shoots up to 10 nodes increase the fruit
production. Field should be kept weed free throughout cropping season. First
weeding may be given 15 to 20 days after sowing. Two more weedings are
given at 25 to 30 day interval.
Harvesting:
Crop becomes ready for harvesting in about 60 to 70 days after
sowing. Fruit takes 7 to10 days from setting to reach marketable size.
Cucumber is harvested when it is till tender and green. Over mature fruit will
fetches less price. Picking can be done at an interval of 2 days yield varies
from 80 to 120 Q/ha.
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