Skip to main content
PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS OF APPLE
BITTER PIT
—Symptoms – small brown lesions of 2-10mm in diameter. The tissue below the skin becomes dark and corky.
—Highly susceptible varieties- Granny smith, yellow Newton, Northern Spy
—Less susceptible varieties-Golden Delicious, Mc-Intosh
—Causes-due to deficiency of calcium and unbalanced nitrogen supply.

—Control –summer sprays  of  calcium chloride and calcium nitrate.
CORK SPOT
—Symptoms –a small bushed area on the skin of the fruit. Similar to bitter pit but with much deep spots in the flesh.
—Causes – both boron and calcium deficiency.
Control- combination of nitrogen and calcium spray is useful
SCALD
—Symptoms – irregular  rough brown patches of dead skin on the fruit. Symptoms develop from the previous injury which occurred during   cold storage.
—Highly susceptible varieties-  Granny Smith, Rome Beauty
—Less susceptible varieties- Gala, Fuji.
—Causes –due to hot, dry weather before harvest. High nitrogen and low calcium concentration in the fruit also causes this  disorder.
—Control –antioxidants like Ethoxyquin and Diphenylamine. Ethylene scrubbers and low oxygen storage.
WATER CORE
—Symptoms-water soaked regions in the flesh hard and glassy in appearance, water soaked areas near the core, infected fruit may smell and taste fermented.
—Susceptible varieties- Stayman, Jonathan, Suntan
—Causes- large fruit, high leaf to fruit ratio, high nitrogen and boron and low calcium, Excessive thinning.
Control- avoid delayed harvests. Matured fruit should be cut to look for water core. Donot store in CA storage for longer duration market it quickly
CORE FLUSH OR BROWN CORE
—Symptoms- slight discoloration between the seed cavities. Flesh around the core becomes rather brown.
—No sharp demarcations between healthy and affected portion of flesh.
—Causes- due to low temperature storage at 1oc to 2oc and due to increase in potassium level.
—Control- store the fruit in the storage having  1 % of oxygen.
JONATHAN SPOT
—Symptoms- depressed spots of dark brown to black colour formed on the skin.
—Causes- high level of boron. earlier maturation.
Control-spraying of 0.5 – 0.7 % of CaCl2 few weeks

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

🍀HOME GARDEN🍀 Author:- G.keerthana

HOME GARDENING  Article by :- G.keerthana . Growing your own vegetables can be fun as well as rewarding. All you need to get started is - some decent soil and few plants and this way you provide fresh healthy vegetables.         My own home garden  A good home gardening plan may include selecting the right location, determining the size of the garden, deciding upon the types and varieties of vegetables to plant.  It must be noted that there are many vegetables that can be grown in pots. How to begin with Home Gardening: Site selection. Size of the garden. Deciding on what to grow. Location of vegetables in the garden. Time for plantation. Gardening images of my own garden: Uses of Home gardening:- Improve your health. Consuming more fresh fruits and vegetables is one of the most important things you can do to stay healthy. Save money on groceries. Get outdoor exercise. Gardening is a natural stress reliever. May lower the stress...
5 comments
Read more

FARMSTAYS IN INDIA —To get back to nature

INTRODUCTION   Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy and agritourism is one of the latest concepts to revolutionize the India travel industry. Buoyed by the growing popularity of homestays in India, farmstays are blossoming across the country. They provide an authentic and interactive experience of rural life, in the delightfully fresh country air. These farmstays are among the best in India and range from simple to sublime. THE CONCEPT : Farm stays are accommodations made for guests on a working farm. The concept of farm stays is not new, but it has gained popularity in recent times. Farms allow tourists and travellers to stay in huts, cottages or barns and take part in farm life. So why are Indians opting for farm stays lately? The reasons are aplenty and here are six of them: *Budget-Friendly *Going Back To One’s Roots *Understanding Where Our Food Comes From *Peaceful And Serene *Simplicity *Agro-Tourism Some of the best farmstays in India: 01. DEWALOKAM FARMSTAY ...
Post a Comment
Read more

GRAFT OR BUD UNION Author:- S.Hemanth

Physiology of graft (or) bud union formation   Article by:- S.Hemanth A. Characteristics of a functional graft union  Mechanical strength  Initially some sticking together of scion and stock is achieved by intercellular adhesion at first and intermingling of callus subsequently, but ultimately it is the interlocking of xylem fibers (wood) that results in a strong, permanent graft union.  Translocation   The structural integrity of the graft union not only holds the grafted plant together, but it is the reestablishment of anatomical and functional continuity between xylem and phloem that allows for translocation of water and minerals by the xylem, and conduction of carbohydrates and other organics by the phloem.    B. Sequence of graft union formation  Necrotic plate  The necrotic plate is a layer of desiccated, crushed cell walls at the cut surface of both stock and scion. Suberin (a waxy material) and pectin...
Post a Comment
Read more