CHARACTERISTICS
OF APPLE ROOTSTOCKS:
SCIENTIFIC NAME -Malus domestica
FAMILF - Rosaceae
CHROMOSOME NO - 17
ORIGIN -Caucasus mountains of south-west asia
•MALLING ROOTSTOCKS:
•In 1912, the EAST MAILING RESEARCH STATION in ENGLAND
selected and
developed a series of 65 rootstocks which were named as
MAILING STOCK (M)
• Some rootstocks are very dwarfing while others are semi-dwarfing and vigorous
•DWARFING ROOT STOCKS : M9,M27. and M20
•M.9: This is most widely
used dwarfing rootstock for apple cultivation, which originated as a clone
seedling.
• The major demerits of M.9 stock are its brittle roots
and shallow root system and unable to
hold the plant firmly to the ground as well as absorbing the nutrients from the soil and thus needs staking.
•M27: It
is developed from a cross between M.9
and M.13.
•This is the most
dwarfing root stock now available in the market.
• Trees on M.27 are approximately 1.2 to1 .5 m in height
and started cropping immediately in the second year of planting depending on the cultivar.
•The triploid
cultivars which are vigorous, produce very dwarf trees on M.27 enabling
them to grow very intensively in multi-row system.
• It is now possible to consider very high density
planting with this rootstock as close as 0.5 m apart in rows 1.5 m apart
planted in multi-row beds.
•M.20: It
originated as a rogue in a batch of M.9 at East Mailing .
•The cox trees on M.20 was found to produce similar tree size as
on M.27.
Disadvantage of
M.20 root stock
emergence of large number of suckers from underground and thus unfit for high density orcharding.
•Root stock adaptations:
•M26,
M106 : sensitive to water logging
•Ml3,
M16 : Tolerant to water logging
•Ml,
Ml3 : Sensitive to drought
•M7,
M9, M17 : Tolerant
to Drought
. MM 109M7, M16, M25: Resistant to high soil temperature
•M26: Tolerant to low winter temperature
•Delicious on M7 was found to survive
at -44°C while
on M2 showed severe injury.
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