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Botanical name: Licopersicon esculentum
Family: Solanaceae
Chromosome no 2n = 24
Origin: Peru, Ecuador – Bolivi
: Tomato – origin – species- importance – growth habits of
tomato – varieties – climate and soil
The word tomato issaid to have derived from Zitomate or Xitotamate used to
denote “plants for food”.
Origin and distribution:
Cultivated tomato originated from Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia. Domesticated
place of tomato lies in Mexico. The ancestor of cultivated tomato is cherry
type (Licopersicon esculenta var cerasiformae - cherry tomato).From
Mexico is distributed to Spain, Europe, Britain, France etc.
Species:
Tomato belongs to the family solanaceae. The genus Lycopersicon differs
from Solanum by the absence of spines and anther tips are narrow and
exhibit longitudinal divisions. The genus Lycopersicon was divided into two
sub genera.
1. Eu lycopersicon.
2. Erio persicon.
Eu lycopersicon is characterized by red fruited edible species with carotinoid
pigmentation and they are annuals. Cultivated tomato is included in this. The
species included are 1. Cultivated tomato - Licopersicon esculentum and.
2. Small fruited tomato- Licopersicon pimpinellifolium
Eriopersicon is characterized by green fruited species, anthocyanin
pigmentation. The species included are peruvianum, hirsutum, persicae and
glandulosum, cheesmanii.
Growth habit:
Tomato can also be classified depending on the growth habbit.
1. Indeterminate: terminal buds ends with a leafy bud and continue it
vegetative growth. Ex: Pusa ruby.
2. Determinate fruits: terminal buds ends with floral bud and further its
vegetative growth is checked and are called as Self topping or self
pruning types. Ex. Pusa Early Dwarf
3. Semi-determinate: have semi dwarf growth andit is between
determinate and indeterminate. Number of nodes between two
consecutive inflorescences will be around one. Ex: S-12, Roma.
Importance and Nutrition value:
The tomato is one of the most important "protective foods" both
because of its special nutritive value and also because of its widespread
production. It is the world's largest vegetable crop after potato and sweet
potato, but ittops the list of canned vegetables. Tomatos are used for soup,
salad, pickles, ketchup, puree, sauces and inmany other ways.
Tomato is a major source of vitamins and minerals. It is widely used as
salad vegetable. In England, it referred as “love of apple’ or ‘love apple’. In
India it is commonly referred as ‘poor mans orange’ (Ascorbic acid 15 mg to
10
20 mg /100g edible portion).It is also rich in Citric acid and Mallic
acid.Glutamic acid is an amino acid mostly present in tomato. Tomato
contains many important minerals like Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, K, Fe, Zn, Boron.
The alkaloid present in tomato is called tamatin and the coloured pigment is
called Licopene. Lycopene content is high at 700 F or 210 C.
Varieties:
In certain varieties of tomato, the vegetative growth automatically
stops, giving rise to bushy growth. They are called self pruning varieties.
Certain varieties like Pusa rubi, Pusa early dwarf, Marutham, Arka vital, Pusa
120, HS – 10, sweet 72, S-12, Co I are suitable for cultivation in plains.
Varieties like Sioux, Best of all, Pusa early dwarf are suitable for hilly areas.
Varieties like Roma and Punjab chuharra are suitable for processing.
Varieties released by IIHR Arka Abha, Arka Abhizit, Arka Ahuthi, Arka Aloukik,
Arka Meghali, Arka Sourab, Arka Sourab, Arka Srasika, Arka vartnan, Arka
vikas, Arka visal.
Pusa Sheetal: cold resistant variety
Best of all: Mid season variety
IVRI -2 : variety developed from IVRI, Varanasi
Floradade: it is a variety brought from Florida
SL – 120 : resistant to nematode and released by IARI, New Delhi.
S-12: Evolved by PAU, Luthiana, fruit round to flatish with persistant pedicel
suitable for summer crop all over the India.
Sioux: American variety, resistant to growth cracks
Hybrids:
S.No Hybrid Parentage Characters
1 Pusa rubi Sioux X Improved
meeruti
Indeterminate
2 Pusa
Early
Dwarf
Improved meeruti X
Red cloud
Determinate and slightly furrowed
3 Pusa Red
Plum
L. esculentum X L.
Pimpinellifolium
Co 1, Co -2 – released from TNAU, Coimbatore. Co3 it is a mutant of Co1
Gulmohar (MTH 6) – released from Maharastra hybrid Seed Company
Punjab chuharra, Ox heart, Punjab kesari, Pusa early dwarf, Pusa rubi, Pusa
red plum, Pusa sada bahar, Sweet – 72, Roma, Yasvanth 2 are other
hybrids..
Climate:
Tomato is a warm season vegetable require a long season optimum
temperature is 21-24degrees.

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