Okra - importance –varieties-climate and soil-seeds and
sowing-manuring- irrigation-intercultural operations-harvesting - yield
Importance and nutritive value:
Bendi is rich in calcium, magnesium, phosphorus etc, and vitamin A, B, C.
Bendi is good for people suffering from renal colic, lecorrhoea and general
weakness. Bendi has high iodine content and it has ability to control goiter.
Bendi leaves are used in turkey to reduce inflammation.
Bendi can be fried in butter or ghee.
It can be put as a sole vegetable.
The roots and stem are used for clarifying cane juice and in the manufacture
of gur or brown sugar. The plants are soaked in water and resulting solution is
used as clarifier in jaggery manufacture.
Mature fruits and stems contain fruit fibre and used in paper industry.
Ripe seeds are roasted, ground, used as substitute for coffee.
Botany:
The genus Abelmoschus is distinct from Hibiscus in having
deciduous type of calyx where as are persistent in the genus Hibiscus. Fruit is
capsule, oblong, longitudinally narrow and dehisces longitudinally. The
greatest increase in fruit weight, length and diameter occurs during 4-6th day
after flowering.At this stage the quality will be high usually fibre formation in
the pod starts from the 5th to 6th day of formation and a sudden increase in
fibre content may be seen from 9th day. A new variety IHR-2- 31 is however
retains its tenderness up to the 10th day.
Varieties:
Abelmoshus manihot, a wild species was found to be almost immune
to YVMV
Arka Abhaya: it is released from IIHR, Bangalore. Fruits are 18 cm in length,
duration of crop is 120 to 130 days.
Arka Anamika: IIHR, Bangalore. It is of inter specific origin between
Abelmoschus esculentus x A. manihot sp tetraphyllus.
DUR – 1(seetla jyothi): released from IIVR Varanasi.
DVR – 2 (seetla uphar): released from IIVR, Varanasi, resistant to YVMV.
EMS – 8: it is a mutant derived from Pusa sawani. Pusa sawani was treated
with 1 % Ethyl methane sulphonate. Final selection was made in M8
generation..
Harbajan: it was originally perkins long green (selection – 6). It was named in
the memory of Dr. Harbhajan Singh.
P-7: released from Punjab AU, Ludhiana. Evolved from a cross between
Abelmoshus esculentus cultivar pusa sawani and A. manihot sub species
manihot.
Botanical name: Abelmoschus esculentus
Family : Malvaceae
Chromosome no 2n = 72 to 144 (poly ploidy)
Origin: South Africa
25
Parbani kranthi: evolved by MPAU, Parbani (Mahatma pule Agricultural
University. Interspecific cross between A. esculentus sp pusa sawani x A.
manihot.
Pusa makhmali: developed from plant introduction section, IARI, New Delhi.
It is susceptible to YVMV.
Pusa sawani: evolved by Dr Harbajan singh at IARI, New Delhi. Derived from
an inter varietal hybridization between IC 1542, a field resistant cultivar to
YVMV and Pusa makhmali (CIC 1542 x Pusa mukhmali – Pusa sawani). It
yields about 175 Q per ha.
Perkins long green: Recommended for hilly areas
Climate:
Okra prefers warm climate. It is sensitive to frost and requires frost free
growing period. optimum temperature 24 to 270 C. seed does not germinate
when the temperature is below 200 C. plant growth is greater in rainy season,
compared to summer season. Temperature higher than 420 C may cause
flower drop.
Soil:
It can be grown in sandy loam soils. However clay loam soil give good
yield. Ideal soils should be rich in organic manure. It should be well drained
and have high organic matter content. Roots are sensitive to high water
stagnation pH is 6 to 6.8. It can also be grown in saline soils up to EC value of
6 milli mhos per cm.
Time of sowing:
In north India summer crop is sown in February to March. In South
India generally sown in November as main crop. However rainy season crop
is sown in June-July throughout India.
Seeds and sowing:
20 to 25 kg per ha is required for summer crop and 12 to 15 kg per ha
is required for rainy season crop. During summer seed is soaked in water at
12 to 24 hours the field is laid out in to ridges and furrows in flat bed. Sowing
can be done by broad cast, line sowing and dibbling method. Sowing of okra
is done in pits in west Bengal. Spacing adopted in summer season crop is 30
x 30 cm whereas rainy season crop is sown in rows at a spacing of 60 x 30
cm.
Manuring:
Well decomposed FYM @ 20 to 30 kg per ha s applied thoroughly in
soil about 20 days before sowing. Besides this 100 kg N, 60 kg each of P and
K are recommended ½ nitrogen, full quantity of P and K are applied at 30 to
45 days of sowing at top dressing.
Irrigation:
First irrigation is given after seeds are germinated subsequently field is
irrigated at an interval of 4 to 5 days in summer in case of rainy season there
is no much emphasis on extra irrigation. Drip irrigation as given higher yield
compared to furrow irrigation.
26
Interculture:
First weeding is done 15 to 20 days after sowing. A total of3 to 4
weedings is taken. Herbicide like basalin (fluchloralin) @ 2.5 lit per ha at pre
lant incorporation.
Lasolin (alachlor) 5 litres per ha as pre emergence application are
recommended.
Germination commences in 13 to 15 days of sowing and it can be over
in another week. The crop is thinned at 30 days after sowing to maintain plant
to plant distance of 30 cm.
Harvesting:
Pods are ready for harvesting in about 45 to 65 days after sowing
depending on only tender fruits are to be picked. In case of pusa sawani
variety the fruits will reach 10 cm about 6 days after anthesis. In case of
Punjab padmini variety the fruits will gain 10 cm length in about 5 days of
anthesis. Pickings are taken at an interval of 4 days.
Yield:
it varies from 60 to 75 quintols per ha in summer and 120 to 125
quintols per hectare in rainy season. Okra can be stored just for 2 to 3 days
under room temperature conditions.
sowing-manuring- irrigation-intercultural operations-harvesting - yield
Importance and nutritive value:
Bendi is rich in calcium, magnesium, phosphorus etc, and vitamin A, B, C.
Bendi is good for people suffering from renal colic, lecorrhoea and general
weakness. Bendi has high iodine content and it has ability to control goiter.
Bendi leaves are used in turkey to reduce inflammation.
Bendi can be fried in butter or ghee.
It can be put as a sole vegetable.
The roots and stem are used for clarifying cane juice and in the manufacture
of gur or brown sugar. The plants are soaked in water and resulting solution is
used as clarifier in jaggery manufacture.
Mature fruits and stems contain fruit fibre and used in paper industry.
Ripe seeds are roasted, ground, used as substitute for coffee.
Botany:
The genus Abelmoschus is distinct from Hibiscus in having
deciduous type of calyx where as are persistent in the genus Hibiscus. Fruit is
capsule, oblong, longitudinally narrow and dehisces longitudinally. The
greatest increase in fruit weight, length and diameter occurs during 4-6th day
after flowering.At this stage the quality will be high usually fibre formation in
the pod starts from the 5th to 6th day of formation and a sudden increase in
fibre content may be seen from 9th day. A new variety IHR-2- 31 is however
retains its tenderness up to the 10th day.
Varieties:
Abelmoshus manihot, a wild species was found to be almost immune
to YVMV
Arka Abhaya: it is released from IIHR, Bangalore. Fruits are 18 cm in length,
duration of crop is 120 to 130 days.
Arka Anamika: IIHR, Bangalore. It is of inter specific origin between
Abelmoschus esculentus x A. manihot sp tetraphyllus.
DUR – 1(seetla jyothi): released from IIVR Varanasi.
DVR – 2 (seetla uphar): released from IIVR, Varanasi, resistant to YVMV.
EMS – 8: it is a mutant derived from Pusa sawani. Pusa sawani was treated
with 1 % Ethyl methane sulphonate. Final selection was made in M8
generation..
Harbajan: it was originally perkins long green (selection – 6). It was named in
the memory of Dr. Harbhajan Singh.
P-7: released from Punjab AU, Ludhiana. Evolved from a cross between
Abelmoshus esculentus cultivar pusa sawani and A. manihot sub species
manihot.
Botanical name: Abelmoschus esculentus
Family : Malvaceae
Chromosome no 2n = 72 to 144 (poly ploidy)
Origin: South Africa
25
Parbani kranthi: evolved by MPAU, Parbani (Mahatma pule Agricultural
University. Interspecific cross between A. esculentus sp pusa sawani x A.
manihot.
Pusa makhmali: developed from plant introduction section, IARI, New Delhi.
It is susceptible to YVMV.
Pusa sawani: evolved by Dr Harbajan singh at IARI, New Delhi. Derived from
an inter varietal hybridization between IC 1542, a field resistant cultivar to
YVMV and Pusa makhmali (CIC 1542 x Pusa mukhmali – Pusa sawani). It
yields about 175 Q per ha.
Perkins long green: Recommended for hilly areas
Climate:
Okra prefers warm climate. It is sensitive to frost and requires frost free
growing period. optimum temperature 24 to 270 C. seed does not germinate
when the temperature is below 200 C. plant growth is greater in rainy season,
compared to summer season. Temperature higher than 420 C may cause
flower drop.
Soil:
It can be grown in sandy loam soils. However clay loam soil give good
yield. Ideal soils should be rich in organic manure. It should be well drained
and have high organic matter content. Roots are sensitive to high water
stagnation pH is 6 to 6.8. It can also be grown in saline soils up to EC value of
6 milli mhos per cm.
Time of sowing:
In north India summer crop is sown in February to March. In South
India generally sown in November as main crop. However rainy season crop
is sown in June-July throughout India.
Seeds and sowing:
20 to 25 kg per ha is required for summer crop and 12 to 15 kg per ha
is required for rainy season crop. During summer seed is soaked in water at
12 to 24 hours the field is laid out in to ridges and furrows in flat bed. Sowing
can be done by broad cast, line sowing and dibbling method. Sowing of okra
is done in pits in west Bengal. Spacing adopted in summer season crop is 30
x 30 cm whereas rainy season crop is sown in rows at a spacing of 60 x 30
cm.
Manuring:
Well decomposed FYM @ 20 to 30 kg per ha s applied thoroughly in
soil about 20 days before sowing. Besides this 100 kg N, 60 kg each of P and
K are recommended ½ nitrogen, full quantity of P and K are applied at 30 to
45 days of sowing at top dressing.
Irrigation:
First irrigation is given after seeds are germinated subsequently field is
irrigated at an interval of 4 to 5 days in summer in case of rainy season there
is no much emphasis on extra irrigation. Drip irrigation as given higher yield
compared to furrow irrigation.
26
Interculture:
First weeding is done 15 to 20 days after sowing. A total of3 to 4
weedings is taken. Herbicide like basalin (fluchloralin) @ 2.5 lit per ha at pre
lant incorporation.
Lasolin (alachlor) 5 litres per ha as pre emergence application are
recommended.
Germination commences in 13 to 15 days of sowing and it can be over
in another week. The crop is thinned at 30 days after sowing to maintain plant
to plant distance of 30 cm.
Harvesting:
Pods are ready for harvesting in about 45 to 65 days after sowing
depending on only tender fruits are to be picked. In case of pusa sawani
variety the fruits will reach 10 cm about 6 days after anthesis. In case of
Punjab padmini variety the fruits will gain 10 cm length in about 5 days of
anthesis. Pickings are taken at an interval of 4 days.
Yield:
it varies from 60 to 75 quintols per ha in summer and 120 to 125
quintols per hectare in rainy season. Okra can be stored just for 2 to 3 days
under room temperature conditions.
Comments
Post a Comment